三棱栎种子特性与其致濒关系初步分析

三棱栎是云南特有种,国家二级保护植物,主要分布在澜沧、沧源、孟连、西盟、勐腊等县.研究表明,其萌发温度在20～35℃范围内,萌发率在5.3%～9.1%之间.4个不同分布地和8种温度条件下萌发率差异不显著.本文认为三棱栎濒危的主要原因是:(1)三棱栎果实结实率低;(2)果实的特殊形状,不利于传播;(3)幼苗缺乏竞争力.针对三棱栎的濒危现状和原因,提出了三棱栎的一些保护措施.     

黎榆A繁殖母本有效穗和结实率与产量的关系

繁殖田母本有效穗和结实率是影响产量的主要因素。通过对10个不同父母本栽插行比的分析结果表明：黎榆A繁殖产量以父母本栽插行比为2：18最高，达292．09kg/667m^2。增加有效穗对于增产的效应要比增加结实率大；有效穗与产量，结实率与产量的偏相关系数均呈正相关，且有效穗与产量的相关达显著水平，多元回归方程为：y-155.6283 4.8660x 0.2342x2.     

多溴联苯醚对大鼠肝细胞CYP1A2依赖性MROD活性的影响

采用未成熟SD大鼠肝细胞微粒体为试验材料,以2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-并-二哑噁英(2,3,7,8- tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作为参照,利用甲氧基-异酚噁脱甲基酶(methoxyresorufin-O- demethylase,MROD)竞争性抑制动力学和荧光光谱法分析法,测定了5种多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)对7-甲氧基-异酚噁唑脱甲基反应的影响,间接研究了这些PBDEs对CYP1A2 的竞争性抑制作用。结果表明,和TCDD相比,PBDEs对MROD活性的抑制作用较弱,亦即对CYP1A2的 竞争性抑制作用较弱。     

Metaphase-I analysis of a Triticum aestivum x T. monococcum hybrid by the C-banding technique

Summary The meiotic pairing behaviour at metaphase I of a Triticum aestivum×Triticum monococcum hybrid has been studied by means of the C-banding technique to ascertain the homology between the chromosomes in the A genome of the two species. The technique allowed the A and B genome chromosomes and the 2D, 3D and 5D chromosomes to be identified. Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in the A genome were noted. The T. monococcum 4A chromosome did not pair with any of the T. aestivum chromosomes in any of the metaphase I cells analysed. Two reciprocal translocations between the 2B and 2D chromosomes on one side and the 2A and 3D on the other side have been identified. The usefulness of the C-banding technique in the study of chromosome homology among species related to wheat is discussed.     

玉米改良单交种选育方法的研究：Ⅱ.姊妹系和姊妹种的配合力研究

以ＧｒｉｆｉｎｇＩＩ双列杂交试验和ＮＣＩＩ遗传交配试验，测定玉米８个姊妹系及其２８个姊妹种的一般配合惫，结果两者基本一致。玉米妹系的一般配合力是一种遗传特性，它既可遗传给其组成的姊妹种，又能通过姊妹和种遗传给其组成的改良单交种；姊妹种的一般配合力与其双亲姊妹系一般配合力均值之间没有显著差异，并呈密切相关，这阐明了改良单交种与其对应的普通单交种相似的原因，并为改进和简化改良单交种选育程序提供理论依据     

利迪链霉菌A02诱导番茄抗灰霉病作用机制研究——对植株防御酶系的影响

利用利迪链霉菌生防菌株A02发酵液和番茄灰霉病菌对番茄植株进行诱导和接种处理,利用分光光度法测定处理前和处理后1~5 d番茄叶片组织的主要防御酶系——苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。试验结果显示,不接种灰霉病菌而单独诱导处理、接种灰霉病菌后诱导处理和诱导处理后接种灰霉病菌这3种处理都能提高番茄植株各防御酶系的活性,后者酶活性峰值最高,对番茄植株灰霉病的抑制作用也最明显,控制效果达94.92%。     

高粱A2型细胞质雄性不育系小孢子发生的细胞学观察和减数分裂染色体行为分析

高粱凡型细胞质雄性不育性（CMS）的细胞质来源于IS12662C，A2细胞质杂交种目前已用于生产。本文以A2／B2 V4为材料，对A2CMS小孢子败育过程作了细胞学观察，并对小孢子败育过程中减数分裂的染色体行为作了分析。研究发现，在A2雄性不育系A2V4的花药发育过程中，绒毡层细胞不形成或提前解体；绒毡层细胞畸形化；绒毡层细胞虽发育正常，但小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为异常；这些都导致小孢子退化。A2细胞质雄性不育花粉母细胞减数分裂行为从后期Ⅰ开始出现异常，同源或姊妹染色体向两极分离时滞后或不分裂；染色体多倍化；一个细胞内出现多核和多核仁现象，最终导致小孢子败育。     

抗盐碱罗布麻DNA导入棉花的研究

利用微注射技术，把抗盐碱罗布麻ＤＮＡ导入鲁棉６号。对其后代经人工配制的盐碱土筛选育成了两个耐盐碱品系９１－１１和９１－１５，在含盐量为０．５１％的滨海盐碱地种植，其皮棉产量分别比受体亲本鲁棉６号增产１９１．７％和２３７．８％。对９１－１１和鲁棉６号在盐胁迫条件下测定其细胞质膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性，结果表明，９１－１１在盐胁迫条件下能够维持较高的ＳＯＤ活性和较稳定的膜透性，而鲁棉６号呈现相反的变化，而且差异显著。据此说明，应用这一技术能够筛选出含有抗性基因的改良品种。     

The long and winding road leading to the successful introgression of downy mildew resistance into onion

Downy mildew resistance originating from Allium roylei Stearn provides a complete resistance to onions and is based on one, dominant gene. Since A. roylei can successfully be hybridized with onion (A. cepa L.), a breeding scheme aimed at the introgression of this gene was initiated ca. 20 years ago. Several setbacks in this programme were encountered, firstly the identified molecular marker linked to the downy mildew resistance locus became increasingly difficult to use and finally lost its discriminating power and secondly the final step, making homozygous introgression lines (ILs), turned out to be more difficult then was hoped. GISH analysis showed that the chromosomal region harbouring the resistance locus was the only remaining piece of A. roylei in the nuclear background of onion and it also confirmed that this region was located on the distal end of chromosome 3. It was hypothesized that some factor present in the remaining A. roylei region was lethal when homozygously present in an onion genetic background. The identification of an individual with a smaller and more distally located introgression fragment and homozygous ILs in its progeny validated this hypothesis. With the help of these nearly isogenic lines four AFLP^® markers closely linked to the resistance gene were identified, which can be used for marker-aided selection. The introduction of downy mildew resistance caused by Peronospora destructor into onion is a significant step forward in the development of environmentally-friendly onion cultivars.     

Genome classification of banana cultivars from South India using IRAP markers

Summary The banana cultivars are originated from the intra- and inter-specific hybridization of two wild diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, contributing the A and B genomes, respectively. They are classified into genomic groups by scoring morphological features. Molecular markers provide a quick and reliable system of genome characterization and manipulation in breeding lines. In the present study a PCR based molecular marker specific for B genomes is been reported. The IRAP primer, designed based on the LTR sequence of banana Ty3-gypsy-like retroelement (Musa acuminata Monkey retrotransposon, AF 143332), was used to identify the B genome in the banana cultivars. Further a primer pair designed from B specific bands of Musa balbisiana `Pisang Gala' was used to classify AAB and ABB cultivars in the collection. Among the 36 cultivars tested with this primer, the B specific band was absent in the AA and AAA cultivars (except in one AAA and AAB cultivar) but present in all other AB, AAB and ABB cultivars. Among the triploid AAB/ABB, the PCR products with B specific primers showed restriction pattern polymorphism with AluI. In ABB genomes the band intensity was high whereas low intensity band observed in AAB genomes. Four cultivars reported to have the ABB genome showed a pattern similar to AAB, and one cultivar reported to have AAA genome showed a pattern similar to ABB genome, suggesting missampling or misidentification. The primers used in this study are useful to identify the presence of B genome in banana cultivars, and band intensity may be a preliminary indicator of ploidy level of the B genome but needs further studies with competitive PCR for clarification. These authors contributed equally in this paper.